Effects of Play Attention Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Functions and Lifting Performance in Young Elite Weightlifters

Abstract

This study examined the effects of Play Attention–based neurofeedback training (NFT) on attention-related cognitive functions and total lifting performance in young elite weightlifters. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design, ten athletes aged 13–14 years were assigned to an experimental group (n=5) or a control group (n=5). The experimental group completed a 20-session NFT program over three months in addition to routine weightlifting training, while the control group continued regular training only.  Cognitive performance was assessed through task-based metrics provided by the Play Attention system, targeting sustained attention, visual tracking, task completion, memory, and discrimination. Athletic performance was evaluated using total lifting performance (kg), calculated as the combined sum of snatch and clean & jerk lifts. Statistical analyses included paired samples t-tests, independent samples t-tests with Welch correction, effect size calculations (Cohen’s d), and normality testing. Results revealed that the experimental group demonstrated significant pre–post improvements in total lifting performance (p < 0.01), accompanied by very large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 2.0), whereas the control group showed smaller gains. Mean total lifting performance increased by approximately 35% in the experimental group, exceeding the control group’s improvements by 16–20%. Cognitive outcomes showed consistent improvements across all assessed domains, while body weight changes remained minimal and comparable between groups, indicating that performance gains were largely independent of physiological growth. These findings suggest that Play Attention–based NFT may serve as an effective supplementary training modality for enhancing attentional control and technical performance in young elite weightlifters. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to confirm these results.